---
title: WHERE clause
description: Use the WHERE clause to filter data based on fields, tags, and/or timestamps.
url: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/where/
estimated_tokens: 3023
product: InfluxDB 3 Enterprise
version: enterprise
publisher: InfluxData
canonical: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/where/
date: '2025-01-13T07:21:11-07:00'
lastmod: '2025-01-13T07:21:11-07:00'
---

Use the `WHERE` clause to filter data based on[field values](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/glossary/#field),[tag values](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/glossary/#tag), and[timestamps](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/glossary/#timestamp).

* [Syntax](#syntax)
* [Operators](#comparison-operators)
  * [Comparison operators](#comparison-operators)
  * [Logical operators](#logical-operators)

* [Time ranges](#time-ranges)
* [Regular expressions](#regular-expressions)
* [WHERE clause examples](#where-clause-examples)
* [Notable behaviors](#notable-behaviors)
  * [Single and double quotes](#single-and-double-quotes)
  * [Cannot query multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges)

## Syntax

```sql
SELECT_clause FROM_clause WHERE <conditional_expression> [(AND|OR) <conditional_expression> [...]]
```

* **conditional\_expression**: Comparison between two operands that evaluates to`true` or `false`. Comparison logic is determined by[operators](#operators) used in the expression.
  These expressions can operate on InfluxDB fields, tags, and timestamps.
  Use logical operators (`AND`, `OR`) to chain multiple conditional expressions
  together.

## Operators

Operators evaluate the relationship between two operands and return`true` or `false`.

### Comparison operators

|Operator|             Meaning              |Supported data types|
|--------|----------------------------------|--------------------|
|  `=`   |             Equal to             |        all         |
|  `<>`  |           Not equal to           |        all         |
|  `!=`  |           Not equal to           |        all         |
|  `>`   |           Greater than           | numeric, timestamp |
|  `>=`  |     Greater than or equal to     | numeric, timestamp |
|  `<`   |            Less than             | numeric, timestamp |
|  `<=`  |      Less than or equal to       | numeric, timestamp |
|  `=~`  |   Matches a regular expression   |      strings       |
|  `!~`  |Doesn’t match a regular expression|      strings       |

### Logical operators

|Operator|                                Meaning                                |
|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `AND`  |Returns `true` if both operands are `true`. Otherwise, returns `false`.|
|  `OR`  | Returns `true` if any operand is `true`. Otherwise, returns `false`.  |

## Time ranges

Use the `WHERE` clause to specify a time range to query.
If a time range isn’t specified in the `WHERE` clause, the [default time range](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/#default-time-range) is used.

Timestamps are stored in the `time` column.
Use comparison operators to compare the value of the `time` column to a
timestamp literal, integer (Unix nanosecond timestamp), or [expression](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/glossary/#expression).

#### Timestamp ####

```sql
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-07-01T00:00:00Z'
```

```sql
WHERE
  time >= 1672531200000000000
  AND time < 1688169600000000000
```

```sql
WHERE
  time >= now() - 1d
  AND time < now()
```

See [Time syntax](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/time-and-timezone/#time-syntax)for information on how to specify alternative time ranges in the `WHERE` clause.

> [!Important]
> InfluxQL [does not support querying multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges).

## Regular expressions

Regular expressions can be used to evaluate *string* values in the `WHERE` clause
using regular expression comparison operators:

* `=~`: Matches a regular expression
* `!~`: Doesn’t match a regular expression

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE room =~ /^K/
```

For more information about InfluxQL regular expression syntax, see[InfluxQL regular expressions](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/regular-expressions/).

## WHERE clause examples

The following examples use the[Home sensor sample dataset](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/sample-data/#home-sensor-data).

[](#select-data-with-a-specific-tag-value)

Select data with a specific tag value

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE room = 'Living Room'
```

name: home

|        time        |co |hum |   room    |temp|
|--------------------|---|----|-----------|----|
|2022-01-01T08:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|Living Room|21.1|
|2022-01-01T09:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|Living Room|21.4|
|2022-01-01T10:00:00Z| 0 | 36 |Living Room|21.8|
|2022-01-01T11:00:00Z| 0 | 36 |Living Room|22.2|
|2022-01-01T12:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|Living Room|22.2|
|         …          | … | …  |     …     | …  |

[](#select-data-from-a-specific-time-range)

Select data from a specific time range

```sql
SELECT *
FROM home
WHERE
  time >= '2022-01-01T08:00:00Z'
  AND time <= '2022-01-01T10:00:00Z'
```

name: home

|        time        |co |hum |   room    |temp|
|--------------------|---|----|-----------|----|
|2022-01-01T08:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|  Kitchen  | 21 |
|2022-01-01T08:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|Living Room|21.1|
|2022-01-01T09:00:00Z| 0 |36.2|  Kitchen  | 23 |
|2022-01-01T09:00:00Z| 0 |35.9|Living Room|21.4|
|2022-01-01T10:00:00Z| 0 |36.1|  Kitchen  |22.7|
|2022-01-01T10:00:00Z| 0 | 36 |Living Room|21.8|

[](#select-data-from-a-relative-time-range)

Select data from a relative time range

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE time >= '2022-01-01T20:00:00Z' - 2h
```

name: home

|        time        |co |hum |   room    |temp|
|--------------------|---|----|-----------|----|
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z|18 |36.9|  Kitchen  |23.3|
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z| 9 |36.2|Living Room|22.8|
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|22 |36.6|  Kitchen  |23.1|
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|14 |36.3|Living Room|22.5|
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|26 |36.5|  Kitchen  |22.7|
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|17 |36.4|Living Room|22.2|

[](#select-field-values-above-a-threshold)

Select field values above a threshold

```sql
SELECT co FROM home WHERE co > 9
```

name: home

|        time        |co |
|--------------------|---|
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z|18 |
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|14 |
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|22 |
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|17 |
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|26 |

[](#select-specific-field-values)

Select specific field values

```sql
SELECT room, co FROM home WHERE co = 9
```

name: home

|        time        |   room    |co |
|--------------------|-----------|---|
|2022-01-01T17:00:00Z|  Kitchen  | 9 |
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z|Living Room| 9 |

[](#select-field-values-based-on-arithmetic)

Select field values based on arithmetic

```sql
SELECT room, co FROM home WHERE co - 10 > 5
```

name: home

|        time        |   room    |co |
|--------------------|-----------|---|
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z|  Kitchen  |18 |
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|  Kitchen  |22 |
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|Living Room|17 |
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|  Kitchen  |26 |

[](#select-data-with-field-values-above-a-threshold-and-a-specific-tag-value)

Select data with field values above a threshold and a specific tag value

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE temp > 22.7 AND room = 'Kitchen'
```

name: home

|        time        |co |hum | room  |temp|
|--------------------|---|----|-------|----|
|2022-01-01T09:00:00Z| 0 |36.2|Kitchen| 23 |
|2022-01-01T13:00:00Z| 1 |36.5|Kitchen|22.8|
|2022-01-01T14:00:00Z| 1 |36.3|Kitchen|22.8|
|2022-01-01T18:00:00Z|18 |36.9|Kitchen|23.3|
|2022-01-01T19:00:00Z|22 |36.6|Kitchen|23.1|

[](#select-data-based-on-the-relationship-between-columns)

Select data based on the relationship between columns

```sql
SELECT co, temp FROM home WHERE co > temp
```

name: home

|        time        |co |temp|
|--------------------|---|----|
|2022-01-01T20:00:00Z|26 |22.7|

## Notable behaviors

* [Single and double quotes](#single-and-double-quotes)
* [Cannot query multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges)

### Single and double quotes

In InfluxQL, single quotation marks (`'`) and double quotation marks (`"`) work
differently and can alter the way a `WHERE` clause functions.
Single quotes are used in [string](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/#strings)and [timestamp](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/#dates--times) literals.
Double quotes are used to quote [identifiers](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/#identifiers),
(time, field, and tag column names).

For example, the following conditional expression compares the value of the`location` *column* to the *literal string*, `London`:

```sql
"location" = 'London'
```

The following conditional expression compares the value of the `location` *column*to the value of the `London` *column*:

```sql
"location" = "London"
```

Misused double and single quotes in the `WHERE` clause often results in unexpected
empty query results.
For more information about quotation marks, see[InfluxQL quotation](/influxdb3/enterprise/reference/influxql/quoting/).

### Cannot query multiple time ranges

InfluxDB does not support using `OR` in the `WHERE` clause to query multiple time ranges.
For example, the following query returns no results:

```sql
SELECT *
FROM home
WHERE
  (time >= '2022-01-01T08:00:00Z' AND time <= '2022-01-01T10:00:00Z')
  OR (time >= '2022-01-01T18:00:00Z' AND time <= '2022-01-01T20:00:00Z')
```
| Operator | Meaning | Supported data types |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Operator | Meaning | Supported data types |
| = | Equal to | all |
| <> | Not equal to | all |
| != | Not equal to | all |
| > | Greater than | numeric, timestamp |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | numeric, timestamp |
| < | Less than | numeric, timestamp |
| <= | Less than or equal to | numeric, timestamp |
| =~ | Matches a regular expression | strings |
| !~ | Doesn’t match a regular expression | strings |

| Operator | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| Operator | Meaning |
| AND | Returns  true  if both operands are  true . Otherwise, returns  false . |
| OR | Returns  true  if any operand is  true . Otherwise, returns  false . |

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.1 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.4 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 21.8 |
| 2022-01-01T11:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 22.2 |
| 2022-01-01T12:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 22.2 |
| … | … | … | … | … |

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Kitchen | 21 |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.1 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 36.2 | Kitchen | 23 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.4 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36.1 | Kitchen | 22.7 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 21.8 |

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 | 36.9 | Kitchen | 23.3 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 9 | 36.2 | Living Room | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 | 36.6 | Kitchen | 23.1 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 14 | 36.3 | Living Room | 22.5 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 | 36.5 | Kitchen | 22.7 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 17 | 36.4 | Living Room | 22.2 |

| time | co |
| --- | --- |
| time | co |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 14 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 17 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 |

| time | room | co |
| --- | --- | --- |
| time | room | co |
| 2022-01-01T17:00:00Z | Kitchen | 9 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | Living Room | 9 |

| time | room | co |
| --- | --- | --- |
| time | room | co |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | Kitchen | 18 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | Kitchen | 22 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | Living Room | 17 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | Kitchen | 26 |

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 36.2 | Kitchen | 23 |
| 2022-01-01T13:00:00Z | 1 | 36.5 | Kitchen | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T14:00:00Z | 1 | 36.3 | Kitchen | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 | 36.9 | Kitchen | 23.3 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 | 36.6 | Kitchen | 23.1 |

| time | co | temp |
| --- | --- | --- |
| time | co | temp |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 | 22.7 |