---
title: WHERE clause
description: Use the WHERE clause to filter data based on fields, tags, and/or timestamps.
url: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/where/
estimated_tokens: 7610
product: InfluxDB 3 Core
version: core
---

# WHERE clause

Use the `WHERE` clause to filter data based on [field values](/influxdb3/core/reference/glossary/#field), [tag values](/influxdb3/core/reference/glossary/#tag), and [timestamps](/influxdb3/core/reference/glossary/#timestamp).

-   [Syntax](#syntax)
-   [Operators](#comparison-operators)
    -   [Comparison operators](#comparison-operators)
    -   [Logical operators](#logical-operators)
-   [Time ranges](#time-ranges)
-   [Regular expressions](#regular-expressions)
-   [WHERE clause examples](#where-clause-examples)
-   [Notable behaviors](#notable-behaviors)
    -   [Single and double quotes](#single-and-double-quotes)
    -   [Cannot query multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges)

## Syntax

```sql
SELECT_clause FROM_clause WHERE <conditional_expression> [(AND|OR) <conditional_expression> [...]]
```

-   **conditional\_expression**: Comparison between two operands that evaluates to `true` or `false`. Comparison logic is determined by [operators](#operators) used in the expression. These expressions can operate on InfluxDB fields, tags, and timestamps. Use logical operators (`AND`, `OR`) to chain multiple conditional expressions together.

## Operators

Operators evaluate the relationship between two operands and return `true` or `false`.

### Comparison operators

| Operator | Meaning | Supported data types |
| --- | --- | --- |
| = | Equal to | all |
| <> | Not equal to | all |
| != | Not equal to | all |
| > | Greater than | numeric, timestamp |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | numeric, timestamp |
| < | Less than | numeric, timestamp |
| <= | Less than or equal to | numeric, timestamp |
| =~ | Matches a regular expression | strings |
| !~ | Doesn’t match a regular expression | strings |

### Logical operators

| Operator | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| AND | Returns true if both operands are true. Otherwise, returns false. |
| OR | Returns true if any operand is true. Otherwise, returns false. |

## Time ranges

Use the `WHERE` clause to specify a time range to query. If a time range isn’t specified in the `WHERE` clause, the [default time range](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/#default-time-range) is used.

Timestamps are stored in the `time` column. Use comparison operators to compare the value of the `time` column to a timestamp literal, integer (Unix nanosecond timestamp), or [expression](/influxdb3/core/reference/glossary/#expression).

<!-- Tabbed content: Select one of the following options -->

**Timestamp:**

```sql
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-07-01T00:00:00Z'
```

**Integer:**

```sql
WHERE
  time >= 1672531200000000000
  AND time < 1688169600000000000
```

**Expression:**

```sql
WHERE
  time >= now() - 1d
  AND time < now()
```

<!-- End tabbed content -->

See [Time syntax](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/time-and-timezone/#time-syntax) for information on how to specify alternative time ranges in the `WHERE` clause.

InfluxQL [does not support querying multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges).

## Regular expressions

Regular expressions can be used to evaluate *string* values in the `WHERE` clause using regular expression comparison operators:

-   `=~`: Matches a regular expression
-   `!~`: Doesn’t match a regular expression

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE room =~ /^K/
```

For more information about InfluxQL regular expression syntax, see [InfluxQL regular expressions](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/regular-expressions/).

## WHERE clause examples

The following examples use the [Home sensor sample dataset](/influxdb3/core/reference/sample-data/#home-sensor-data).

[](#select-data-with-a-specific-tag-value)

Select data with a specific tag value

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE room = 'Living Room'
```

name: home

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.1 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.4 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 21.8 |
| 2022-01-01T11:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 22.2 |
| 2022-01-01T12:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 22.2 |
| … | … | … | … | … |

[](#select-data-from-a-specific-time-range)

Select data from a specific time range

```sql
SELECT *
FROM home
WHERE
  time >= '2022-01-01T08:00:00Z'
  AND time <= '2022-01-01T10:00:00Z'
```

name: home

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Kitchen | 21 |
| 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.1 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 36.2 | Kitchen | 23 |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 35.9 | Living Room | 21.4 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36.1 | Kitchen | 22.7 |
| 2022-01-01T10:00:00Z | 0 | 36 | Living Room | 21.8 |

[](#select-data-from-a-relative-time-range)

Select data from a relative time range

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE time >= '2022-01-01T20:00:00Z' - 2h
```

name: home

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 | 36.9 | Kitchen | 23.3 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 9 | 36.2 | Living Room | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 | 36.6 | Kitchen | 23.1 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 14 | 36.3 | Living Room | 22.5 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 | 36.5 | Kitchen | 22.7 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 17 | 36.4 | Living Room | 22.2 |

[](#select-field-values-above-a-threshold)

Select field values above a threshold

```sql
SELECT co FROM home WHERE co > 9
```

name: home

| time | co |
| --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 14 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 17 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 |

[](#select-specific-field-values)

Select specific field values

```sql
SELECT room, co FROM home WHERE co = 9
```

name: home

| time | room | co |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T17:00:00Z | Kitchen | 9 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | Living Room | 9 |

[](#select-field-values-based-on-arithmetic)

Select field values based on arithmetic

```sql
SELECT room, co FROM home WHERE co - 10 > 5
```

name: home

| time | room | co |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | Kitchen | 18 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | Kitchen | 22 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | Living Room | 17 |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | Kitchen | 26 |

[](#select-data-with-field-values-above-a-threshold-and-a-specific-tag-value)

Select data with field values above a threshold and a specific tag value

```sql
SELECT * FROM home WHERE temp > 22.7 AND room = 'Kitchen'
```

name: home

| time | co | hum | room | temp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T09:00:00Z | 0 | 36.2 | Kitchen | 23 |
| 2022-01-01T13:00:00Z | 1 | 36.5 | Kitchen | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T14:00:00Z | 1 | 36.3 | Kitchen | 22.8 |
| 2022-01-01T18:00:00Z | 18 | 36.9 | Kitchen | 23.3 |
| 2022-01-01T19:00:00Z | 22 | 36.6 | Kitchen | 23.1 |

[](#select-data-based-on-the-relationship-between-columns)

Select data based on the relationship between columns

```sql
SELECT co, temp FROM home WHERE co > temp
```

name: home

| time | co | temp |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-01-01T20:00:00Z | 26 | 22.7 |

## Notable behaviors

-   [Single and double quotes](#single-and-double-quotes)
-   [Cannot query multiple time ranges](#cannot-query-multiple-time-ranges)

### Single and double quotes

In InfluxQL, single quotation marks (`'`) and double quotation marks (`"`) work differently and can alter the way a `WHERE` clause functions. Single quotes are used in [string](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/#strings) and [timestamp](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/#dates--times) literals. Double quotes are used to quote [identifiers](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/#identifiers), (time, field, and tag column names).

For example, the following conditional expression compares the value of the `location` *column* to the *literal string*, `London`:

```sql
"location" = 'London'
```

The following conditional expression compares the value of the `location` *column* to the value of the `London` *column*:

```sql
"location" = "London"
```

Misused double and single quotes in the `WHERE` clause often results in unexpected empty query results. For more information about quotation marks, see [InfluxQL quotation](/influxdb3/core/reference/influxql/quoting/).

### Cannot query multiple time ranges

InfluxDB does not support using `OR` in the `WHERE` clause to query multiple time ranges. For example, the following query returns no results:

```sql
SELECT *
FROM home
WHERE
  (time >= '2022-01-01T08:00:00Z' AND time <= '2022-01-01T10:00:00Z')
  OR (time >= '2022-01-01T18:00:00Z' AND time <= '2022-01-01T20:00:00Z')
```