---
title: integral() function
description: integral() computes the area under the curve per unit of time of subsequent non-null records.
url: https://docs.influxdata.com/flux/v0/stdlib/universe/integral/
estimated_tokens: 2034
product: Flux
version: v0
publisher: InfluxData
canonical: https://docs.influxdata.com/flux/v0/stdlib/universe/integral/
date: '2024-04-08T16:01:02-06:00'
lastmod: '2024-04-08T16:01:02-06:00'
---

* Flux 0.7.0+

InfluxDB support

`integral()` computes the area under the curve per unit of time of subsequent non-null records.

`integral()` requires `_start` and `_stop` columns that are part of the group key.
The curve is defined using `_time` as the domain and record values as the range.

##### Function type signature

```js
(
    <-tables: stream[A],
    ?column: string,
    ?interpolate: string,
    ?timeColumn: string,
    ?unit: duration,
) => stream[B] where A: Record, B: Record
```

For more information, see [Function type signatures](/flux/v0/function-type-signatures/).

## Parameters

### unit

Unit of time to use to compute the integral.

### column

Column to operate on. Default is `_value`.

### timeColumn

Column that contains time values to use in the operation.
Default is `_time`.

### interpolate

Type of interpolation to use. Default is `""`.

**Available interplation types**:

* linear
* *empty string for no interpolation*

### tables

Input data. Default is piped-forward data (`<-`).

## Examples

* [Calculate the integral](#calculate-the-integral)
* [Calculate the integral with linear interpolation](#calculate-the-integral-with-linear-interpolation)

### Calculate the integral

```js
data
    |> integral(unit: 10s)
```

[](#view-example-input-and-output)

View example input and output

#### Input data

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |       \_time       |\_value|\*tag|
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------|-----|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|  \-2  | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:10Z|  10   | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:20Z|   7   | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:30Z|  17   | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:40Z|  15   | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:50Z|   4   | t1  |

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |       \_time       |\_value|\*tag|
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------|-----|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|  19   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:10Z|   4   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:20Z|  \-3  | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:30Z|  19   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:40Z|  13   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:50Z|   1   | t2  |

#### Output data

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |\*tag|\_value|
|--------------------|--------------------|-----|-------|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z| t1  |  50   |

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |\*tag|\_value|
|--------------------|--------------------|-----|-------|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z| t2  |  43   |

### Calculate the integral with linear interpolation

```js
data
    |> integral(unit: 10s, interpolate: "linear")
```

[](#view-example-input-and-output)

View example input and output

#### Input data

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |       \_time       |\_value|\*tag|
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------|-----|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|  \-2  | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:10Z|       | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:20Z|   7   | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:30Z|       | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:40Z|       | t1  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:50Z|   4   | t1  |

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |       \_time       |\_value|\*tag|
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------|-----|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|       | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:10Z|   4   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:20Z|  \-3  | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:30Z|  19   | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:40Z|       | t2  |
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z|2021-01-01T00:00:50Z|   1   | t2  |

#### Output data

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |\*tag|\_value|
|--------------------|--------------------|-----|-------|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z| t1  |  25   |

|     \*\_start      |      \*\_stop      |\*tag|\_value|
|--------------------|--------------------|-----|-------|
|2021-01-01T00:00:00Z|2021-01-01T00:01:00Z| t2  | 32.5  |

#### Related

* [InfluxQL – INTEGRAL()](/influxdb/v1/query_language/functions/#integral)
* [experimental.integral() function](/flux/v0/stdlib/experimental/integral/)

[transformations](/flux/v0/tags/transformations/)[aggregates](/flux/v0/tags/aggregates/)
| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | -2 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z | 10 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | 7 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z | 17 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z | 15 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 4 | t1 |

| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 19 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z | 4 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | -3 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z | 19 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z | 13 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 1 | t2 |

| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | t1 | 50 |

| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | t2 | 43 |

| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | -2 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z |  | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | 7 | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z |  | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z |  | t1 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 4 | t1 |

| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | _time | _value | *tag |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z |  | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:10Z | 4 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:20Z | -3 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:30Z | 19 | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:40Z |  | t2 |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:50Z | 1 | t2 |

| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | t1 | 25 |

| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *_start | *_stop | *tag | _value |
| 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z | 2021-01-01T00:01:00Z | t2 | 32.5 |